ENTEROKOKI OPORNE NA WANKOMYCYNĘ
I. CHOROBOTWÓRCZOŚĆ
Maciej Przybylski
Katedra i Zakład Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej, Akademia Medyczna w
Warszawie
ul.Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warszawa, e-mail: maciej@conexion.pl
Wpłynęło w maju 2007 r.
1. Wstęp.
2. Czynniki zjadliwości bakterii z rodzaju Enterococcus.
3. Chorobotwórczość enterokoków.
3.1. Chorobotwórczość Enterococcus
faecalis i Enterococcus faecium.
3.2. Zakażenia wywoływane przez inne
gatunki enterokoków. 4. Czynniki ryzyka zakażeń wywoływanych
przez
enterokoki. 5. Oporność enterokoków na antybiotyki.
6. Europejski model
pozaszpitalnego rozprzestrzeniania szczepow VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enetrococci. I.
Pathogenicity
Abstract:
Antibiotic pressure resulting from the intense use of
antibiotics during the last 60 years has led to the emerging problem of
antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains. Enterococci
(especially
Enterococcus faecium) posses
a number of intrinsic and acquired
mechanisms of resistance. In clinical practice, resistance of
Gram-positive cocci (mostly enterococci) to glycopeptide antibiotics is
an important problem. Enterococci are typical example of human normal
flora, but they are also responsible for dangerous oportunistic
nosocomial infections, as well as urinary tract and bloodstream
infections. Enterococcus faecalis
is responsible
for 80-90% of such
infections, and Enterococcus faecium for most of
the remaining. Like
other bacteria causing infections in humans, enterococci have
particular traits corresponding to their pathogenicity. In the present
study, we have described enterococcal virulence factors of E. faecium
and E. faecalis involved in (I) adhesion,
(II) invasion and formation
of pyogenic infection, (III) modulation of host immune
response and
(IV) the production of potential toxic products.
Vancomycin-resistant
enterococci (VRE) are isolated from hospital patients but also from
oupatient population and from husbandry animals. For many
years so
called nutrient growth factors were used in animal feeding, among them
a glycopeptide avoparcin. It seems to be one of the most important
factors responsible for the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains
of enterococci.
1. Introduction.
2. Virulence factors of Enterococcus
species. 3. Pathogenicity of enterococci.
3.1. Infections caused by Enterococcus
faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.
3.2. Infections caused by other
enterococci. 4. Risk factors predisposing to enterococcal
infections.
5. Enterococcal resistance to antimicrobial agents.
6. European model
of out-of-hospital spreading of VRE strains.
Słowa kluczowe: Enterococcus,
czynniki zjadliwości, enterokoki oporne
na wankomycynę, promotory wzrostu
Key words: Enterococcus,
virulence
factors, vancomycin-resistant
enterococci,
growth promotors
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