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PATOGENNOSC WIRUSÓW RNA
A ZJAWISKO QUASISPECIES
Iwona Bukowska*, Marek Radkowski
Zakład Immunopatologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Pasożytniczych,
Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul. Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warszawa
Wpłynęło w listopadzie 2009 r.
1. Wstęp. 2. Zjawisko quasispecies. 2.1. Mechanizmy powstawania zmienności. 3. Konsekwencje kliniczne zjawiska quasispecies. 3.1. Unikanie odpowiedzi układu immunologicznego. 3.2. Oporność na leki. 3.3. Wzrost wirulencji, zmiana tropizmu. 3.4. Szczepionki przeciwwirusowe. 4. Techniki badawcze. 5. Podsumowanie
RNA virus pathogenicity and quasispecies phenomenon
Abstract: RNA viruses constitute a widespread group of human, animal and plant pathogens. They are causative agents of diseases with diverse course and symptoms. Genetic instability and ability to form quasispecies are features determining their pathogenesis and persistence. The term "quasispecies" refers to a group of different but closely related genetic variants which evolve in response to environmental changes. The mechanisms generating genetic variability include point mutations, genetic rearrangements (recombination, reassortment) and post-replicational modifications. Genetic instability of RNA viruses is a source of serious clinical implications such as immune evasion, resistance to antiviral drugs and increase of virulence due to alterations in cell tropism, host range and gene expression patterns. For these reasons, effective and safe vaccines as well as the development of more tolerable drugs is still a challenge. The best known quasispecies representatives are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
1. Introduction. 2. Quasispecies phenomenon. 2.1. Diversity mechanisms. 3. Clinical implications of the quasispecies phenomenon. 3.1. Immune evasion. 3.2. Resistance to antiviral drugs. 3.3. Increase of virulence, alterations in cell tropism. 3.4. Antiviral vaccines. 4. Research techniques. 5. Sumary
Słowa kluczowe: wirusy RNA, zmienność genetyczna, quasispecies
Key words: RNA viruses, genetic diversity, quasispecies
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