DIAGNOSTYKA I MOLEKULARNA EPIDEMIOLOGIA
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
Wykład przedstawiony na Konferencji naukowej
„Mikrobiologia 100 lat po Robercie Kochu"
Polskiego Towarzystwa Mikrobiologów
w Warszawie w dniach 30—31 sierpnia 2010 r.
Rafał Gierczyński
Zakład Bakteriologii, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego
Państwowy Zakład Higieny ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warszawa;
e-mail: rgierczynski@pzh.gov.pl
1. Wprowadzenie - wąglik wczoraj i dziś. 2. Wąglik: rezerwuar, objawy, leczenie i zapobieganie. 2.1. Wąglik - występowanie dawniej i obecnie. 2.2. Wąglik jako broń biologiczna i czynnik terroryzmu. 3. Charakterystyka i czynniki chorobotwórczości laseczki wąglika. 3.1. Bacillus cereus ssp. anthracis? 4. Identyfikacja laseczki wąglika. 5. Rozwój metod typowania szczepów laseczki wąglika. 5.1. MLVA. 5.2. SNR. 5.2. canSNPs. 6. Filogeneza i molekularna epidemiologia laseczki wąglika. 6.1. Zróżnicowanie szczepów B. anthracis w skali globalnej. 6.2. Zróżnicowanie izolatów B. anthracis w epidemiach lokalnych. 7. Charakterystyka molekularna szczepów laseczki wąglika w Polsce. 8. Podsumowanie
Diagnostics and molecular epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis
Abstract: Although anthrax is rare in developed countries liable B. anthracis spores still remain in a soil in these European countries, where few decades ago the disease occurred yearly. In Poland anthrax was endemic for centuries. This has triggered vast genetic diversity of B. anthracis as shown by MLVA genotyping. Strains of two main phylogenetic lineages: A and B (B2) were found in Poland. This is in accordance with the global phylogeographic model of B. antracis distribution. Lineage A is most numerous and encompasses diverse strains world-wide, while B1, B2 and the recently established C lineage are uncommon and seem to be geographically limited to South Africa, Europe and USA, respectively. B. anthracis is highly monomorphic within a single epidemic cycle and is capable to occupy the same territory for decades, where it remains apparently unaltered. Anthrax agent has followed ancient tribes in their route from Africa to Europe, Asia and via Silk Road to China, then to North America. More recently anthrax emerged in Australia and in Texas, USA, were it was most probably brought by first settlers from England and China, respectively.
1. Introduction - anthrax past: and present. 2. Anthrax: infection-cycle, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention. 2.1. Occurrence of anthrax - history and today. 2.2. B. anthracis - warfare and terrorist agent. 3. Biological features and virulence factors of the anthrax agent. 3.1. Bacillus cereus ssp. anthracis? 4. B. anthracis identification and diagnostics. 5. Molecular approaches to B. anthracis typing - development and description. 5.1. MLVA. 5.2. SNR. 5.2. canSNPs. 6. Phylogeny and molecular epidemiology of B. anthracis. 6.1. Diversity of the global B. anthracis population. 6.2. Monomorphism of B. anthracis isolates in local outbraks. 7. Molecular characterization of B. anthracis in Poland. 8. Concluding
Słowa kluczowe: Bacillus anthracis, MLVA, canSNPs, SNR
Key words: Bacillus anthracis, MLVA, canSNPs, SNR
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