All posts by Anna Białecka

GALLERIA MELLONELLA LARVAE AS AN IN VITRO MODEL FOR TESTING MICROBIAL PATHOGENICITY


Dawid Gniazdo, Wanesa Sasal, Aleksandra Omelaniuk, Weronika Brudz and Wiesław Kaca
8 November 2023

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Abstract: The larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella have gained wide acceptance as an in vivo model for the study of virulence in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Importantly, G. mellonella offers an alternative, low-cost, and ethically acceptable method of assessing pathogens. These insects have a number of advantages, including ease of breeding, a rapid developmental cycle, low maintenance costs, and ease of experimental manipulation. Most importantly, G. mellonella larvae have a complete immune system and a nonspecific immune response similar to that of humans, making them a valuable model for studying pathogen-host interactions. Furthermore, using this model, it is possible to test the efficacy of various chemical compounds or natural substances that show antimicrobial activity. In this literature review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies of the use of G. mellonella in virulence analyses and as a platform for testing the efficacy of new drugs.

Autor: Anna Białecka
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UTILITY OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW


Alok Bharadwaj, Mansi Gupta and Akanksha Shakya
27 June 2023

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Abstract: Microorganisms are ubiquitous and have far-reaching effects on human life. Since their discovery in the 19th century, microorganisms have fascinated biologists. Microbes play a crucial role in the material and elemental cycles of the natural world. Growing own microbes for research purposes requires a significant time and financial investment. On the other hand, high-throughput sequencing technology cannot advance at the same clip as the culture method. The area of microbiology has made substantial use of machine learning (ML) methods to tackle this problem.
Classification and prediction have emerged as key avenues for advancing microbial community research in computational biology. This research compares the advantages and disadvantages of using different algorithmic approaches in four subfields of microbiology (pathogen and epidemiology; microbial ecology; drug development; microbiome and taxonomy).

Autor: Anna Białecka
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE – WHERE ARE WE GOING?


Waleria Hryniewicz and Izabella Strużycka
27 June 2023

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Abstract: Introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice is considered as a turning point in medicine resulting in saving millions of lives and allowing for the development of new fields of medicine such as transplantology, neonatology, hematology and many others. From the very beginning, this success was accompanied by the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains with its continuous rise. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary practice and animal and plant production are the main reasons the resistance has emerged. Presently, an increase in isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR), excessively resistant (XDR) and pandrug resistant (PDR) bacteria is being observed worldwide in the most common human etiologic bacterial agents. As examples of rapid evolution of resistance, S. aureus and Enterobacterales producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are presented. Some initiatives of WHO and EU aiming to tackle antibiotic resistance are also discussed.

Autor: Anna Białecka
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ALKHUMRA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS (AHFV): CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS


Leena Esam Azhar
27 June 2023

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Abstract: The objective of this review to summarize the current status of information about the Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever caused by Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus an Arboviral infection. This virus was identified in Alkhumra district of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1995 from a butcher patient. The infected individual develops symptoms febrile flu-like illness, hemorrhagic manifestations and less like encephalitis. Several cases have been reported from various locations of Saudi Arabia and a few from Egypt and is further expanding in tropical and subtropical regions of Western Asia. The virus is transmitted to human by direct contact to animal, raw meat, and biproducts as well as either tick or mosquito bites. Based on the recent status, a great concern of public health was raised with the AHFV epidemics and infection. Currently, there is no effective vaccine and antiviral therapeutics against AHFV. So, there is an urgent need to design and develop an effective preventive measure using interdisciplinary approach. This review will provide the status of research work based on the latest published information about AHFV. The provided information will be highly useful to design the effective preventive measures to control the disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Autor: Anna Białecka
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CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL AGAINST PATHOGENIC DISEASES


Shakira Aslam, Ali Umair, Zaid Aslam, Muhammad Zafar Saleem and Hamid Bashir
27 June 2023

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Abstract: Viral pathogens are major concern nowadays. Bacterial CRISPR/Cas systems help in defending the host body against differentpathogens including viruses too. This system contains restriction enzymes that introduce dsDNA breaks on target site to make the virusnon-functional by damaging its genes. Coronavirus, HIV and Herpes viruses are causing mortality all around the world. To control thespread of disease, early detection and treatment is required. CRISPR system due to its high efficiency provides a platform to restrictthe viral entry into host cell, viral genome editing and eliminate the latent infections. In this review, the CRISPR strategies against threemajor viral diseases are put under consideration: Coronavirus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Herpesvirus associated dis-eases. Three CRISPR/Cas systems have been discussed including CRISPR/Cas12, CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas13 that are used againstthe above listed viruses.

Autor: Anna Białecka
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Current Issue

Current Issue

Advancements of Microbiology
Volume 64 (2025): Issue 1

Publisher

PTM

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