1. Czynniki wpływające na dynamikę środowiska jamy ustnej 2. Mikrobiota jamy ustnej u pacjentów bez wrodzonych wad narządu żucia 3. Wpływ wad narządu żucia i ich leczenia na środowisko jamy ustnej 4. Mikrobiota w jamie ustnej pacjentów z wrodzonymi wadami narządu żucia 4.1. Bakterie w jamie ustnej pacjentów z wadami narządu żucia leczonych ortodontycznie 4.2. Patogeniczne Protista w mikrobiomie jamy ustnej pacjentów z wadami narządu żucia leczonych ortodontycznie 4.3. Grzyby w jamie ustnej pacjentów z wadami narządu żucia leczonych ortodontycznie 5. Podsumowanie

Abstract: The oral cavity is an open system with complex and dynamic relations between the human host and the microbiota. Stomatognathic disorders, cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital malformations. Incidence varies from 1/500 to 1/2500 live births. In Poland, it appears every year in 800 newborns, as a single disorder or in syndromes. The environmental and hereditary factors , both have influence on the development of this pathology. Treatment of patients with cleft malformations is comprehensive and long-lasting, and includes orthodontic treatment. Both the malformation and the use of orthodontic appliances change significantly the condition of the patients’ oral cavities. Such changes have an impact on the oral cavity microbiota, shifting the composition of physiological microorganisms and evoking the appearance of opportunistic and potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi and/or protists. Analysis of the available literature implicates that co-infections with different opportunistic/ pathogenic strains are potentially serious risk factors of local and general complications in patients with various congenital malformations. It should be emphasized that the human oral cavity may act as a major, yet poorly known, reservoir of microorganisms that can induce clinically important infections. However, there are scarce data concerning the presence of opportunistic bacteria, fungi and protists in patients with congenital cleft malformations, thus, further studies are highly important to decrease a risk of medical complications.

1. Factors influencing the dynamics of oral cavity environment. 2. Oral cavity microbiota in patients without congenital malformations of the masticatory system. 3. Influence of malformations of the masticatory system and specific treatment on oral cavity environment. 4. Oral cavity microbiota in patients with malformations of masticatory system. 4.1. Bacteria in the oral cavity of patients with congenital malformations of the masticatory system treated orthodontically. 4.2. Pathogenic Protista in the oral microbiome of patients with congenital malformations of the masticatory system treated orthodontically. 4.3. Fungi in the oral cavity of the patients with malformations of the masticatory system treated orthodontically. 5. Summary