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Abstract: New strategies in the development of anthrax vaccines and therapeutics have been presented. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the finding of new drugs and suitable therapy for anthrax. Very promising research considers the use of antimicrobials against selected bacteria species, including antibiotic-resistant strains. However, alternative therapeutic options should also be considered, among them vaccines. Bacillus anthracis spores are still the most dangerous weapon amongst pathogens which can be used in a bio-terror attack. In this case, research for new anti-anthrax preparations is of primary importance for the protection of humans and animals. The overview of the most recent data shows the many new and promising possibilities for effective strategies in the development of vaccines and anti-anthrax preparations. The most effective of them should be available in the National Stockpile in the event of a biological crisis.

1. Introduction. 2. Bacillus anthracis virulence factors. 3. Current anthrax vaccines. 4. Immunogenicity of anthrax vaccine candidates. 5. Bivalent vaccines. 6. Capsule conjugate vaccines. 7. Domain’s and epitopes of PA. 8. Summary