Browsing tag: biofilm

THE HIGH PENETRABILITY OF NANOPARTICLES INTO BACTERIAL MEMBRANES: A KEY OF A POTENTIAL APPLICATION


Amina Meliani, Fatima Zohra Amel Khelil and Samira Nair
26 March 2023

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Abstract: Currently, nanoparticles have gained considerable attention for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. The possibility for using this technology as an alternative therapeutic strategy for controlling microbial biofilms, colonizations and infections has been the subject of intense investigations. Even though, the potential toxicity and disadvantage of using nanoparticles, researchers focused on their high penetrability into bacterial membranes, capabilities to disrupt biofilm formation and the role of chemotaxis in this interaction. Face to this significant debate, we discuss the link between metal resistance, bacterial chemotaxis and the promising use of nanoparticles (NP). P. aeruginosa has emerged as a model organism for biofilm studies, the aim of this review is to provide a concise and comprehensive survey of certain relevant aspects related to the research on nanoparticles and these bacteria.

Autor: Postępy Mikrobiologii
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PHAGE THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS: HARNESSING PHAGES IN ORAL MEDICINE


Filip Pospiszyl, Monika Brzychczy-Włoch, Anna Morys, Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
9 July 2025

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Abstract: This narrative review aims to discuss the potential of phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotic therapy, with a particular emphasis on its potential applications in dentistry.
Despite historical fluctuations, phage therapy is gaining increasing acceptance and becoming more widespread in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Contemporarily, phage therapy has become a prevalent treatment modality for bacterial infections of the digestive system in countries such as Georgia. In clinical trials, it has been used to treat wounds, bone and blood infections. In theory, it can be used in any instance of bacterial infection, including within the oral cavity. There are numerous methods of administration, and the therapy itself is regarded as both safe and effective, particularly in cases where antibiotics are ineffective, such as in the development of biofilms or infections by MDR bacteria.
Despite the lack of ample clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of this therapy in dentistry, a growing body of evidence suggests its potential use in restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontology, as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery.
To determine whether phage therapy can be considered a viable alternative or to assess its effectiveness when used in combination with antibiotic therapy, further regulations and research are warranted.

Autor: Anna Białecka
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MULTIDRUG EFFLUX PUMPS IN BACTERIA AND EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITORS

POMPY OPORNOŚCI WIELOLEKOWEJ U BAKTERII I ICH INHIBITORY
Abhirami P. Sreekantan, Pooja P. Rajan, Minsa Mini and Praveen Kumar
4 October 2022

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Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a paramount health concern nowadays. The increasing drug resistance in microbes is due to improper medications or over usage of drugs. Bacteria develop many mechanisms to extrude the antibiotics entering the cell. The most prominent are the efflux pumps (EPs). EPs play a significant role in intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance, mainly in Gram-negative bacteria. EPs may be unique to one substrate or transport several structurally different compounds (including multi-class antibiotics). These pumps are generally associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR). EPs are energized by a proton motive force and can pump a vast range of detergents, drugs, antibiotics and also β-lactams, which are impermeable to the cytoplasmic membrane. There are five leading efflux transporter families in the prokaryotic kingdom: MF (Major Facilitator), MATE (Multidrug And Toxic Efflux), RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Division), SMR (Small Multidrug Resistance) and ABC (ATP Binding Cassette). Apart from the ABC family, which utilizes ATP hydrolysis to drive the export of substrates, all other systems use the proton motive force as an energy source. Some molecules known as Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPI) can inhibit EPs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EPIs can interfere with the efflux of antimicrobial agents, leading to an increase in the concentration of antibiotics inside the bacterium, thus killing it. Therefore, identifying new EPIs appears to be a promising strategy for countering antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). This mini-review focuses on the major efflux transporters of the bacteria and the progress in identifying Efflux Pump Inhibitors.

1. Introduction. 2. Major classes of efflux pumps. 2.1. ATP-Binding Cassette Superfamily. 2.2. Major Facilitator Superfamily. 2.3. Multidrug And Toxic Compound Extrusion Family. 2.4. Small Multi-drug Resistance Family. 2.5. Resistance-Nodulation-Division Superfamily. 3. Efflux pumps and their role in virulence and biofilm formation. 4. Efflux Pump Inhibitors

Autor: Postępy Mikrobiologii
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CHARACTERISTICS AND REGULATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN SALMONELLA


Nefise AKÇELİK, Mustafa AKÇELİK
16 June 2021

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Abstract: The ability to from biofilms, which is a common feature in Salmonella serovars, is the main cause of persistent infections and permanent contamination in both clinical and industrial systems. Because the biofilm structures are significantly more resistant to environmental stress conditions than the planktonic forms of bacteria, it is often impossible to remove them through conventional disinfection or sterilization practices. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop effective strategies in combating biofilms, which are defined as the dominant form of microbial life. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the genetic regulatory mechanisms that control the transition from planktonic form to the biofilm form and the related changes in gene expression. In this review, the current state of knowledge regarding gene regulation systems that affect the biofilm formation in Salmonella, has been summarized and discussed.

1. Introduction. 2. Regulation of biofilm formation in Salmonella. 2.1.csgD. 2.2. BarA/SirA and Csr system. 2.3. PhoPQ and RstA. 2.4. The interaction of cells in the biofilm structures through signal molecules. 2.5. sRNA’s. 2.6. dam and seqA. 2.7.MarT. 3. Conclusion

Autor: Postępy Mikrobiologii
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MIESZANY BIOFILM JAMY USTNEJ

MIXED ORAL BIOFILM
Paula Bigos, Róża Czerwińska, Magdalena Pajączkowska, Joanna Nowicka
16 March 2021

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Streszczenie: Jama ustna jest skolonizowana przez ponad 700 gatunków bakterii. Występują one pod postacią pojedynczych komórek lub tworzą wielogatunkowe biofilmy. Tworzenie biofilmu, jego nieprawidłowy rozrost w połączeniu z zaburzonym funkcjonowaniem mechanizmów obronnych naszego organizmu oraz zaburzeń w składzie ilościowym i jakościowym mikrobioty jamy ustnej może prowadzić do rozwoju próchnicy, zapalenia dziąseł, parodontozy czy peri-implantitis. W pracy omówiono etapy tworzenia biofilmu oraz wzajemne oddziaływania mikroorganizmów w tej zorganizowanej społeczności. Omówiono również znaczenie wielogatunkowego biofilmu w zakażeniach jamy ustnej i co bardzo istotne, metody jego zwalczania.

1. Biofilm – definicja, etapy tworzenia, porozumiewanie się mikroorganizmów w biofilmie. 2. Biofilm w różnych częściach ciała organizmu człowieka. 3. Wielogatunkowy biofilm jamy ustnej. 4. Zakażenia jamy ustnej związane z biofilmem wielogatunkowym. 5. Zapobieganie i metody zwalczania biofilmu jamy ustnej. 5.1. Profilaktyka i właściwa higiena jamy ustnej. 5.2. Terapia alternatywna zakażeń jamy ustnej związanych z tworzeniem biofilmu. 6. Podsumowanie

Abstract: The oral cavity is colonized by more than 700 bacterial species. They occur in the form of individual cells or form multispecies biofilms. The formation of biofilm, its abnormal growth combined with impaired functioning of the defense mechanisms of the body and disorders in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the oral microbiota can lead to the development of caries, gingival inflammation, parodontosis or peri-implantitis. The paper discusses the stages of biofilm formation as well as microbial interactions within this organized community. It also addresses the significance of multispecies biofilm in oral infections and, very importantly, the methods to combat it.

1. Biofilm – definition, formation stages, microbial communication within biofilm. 2. Biofilm in different parts of the human body. 3. Multispecies oral biofilm. 4. Oral infections associated with multispecies biofilm. 5. Prevention and methods of combating oral biofilm. 5.1. Prophylaxis and proper oral hygiene. 5.2. Alternative therapy of biofilm-related oral infections. 6. Summary

Autor: Postępy Mikrobiologii
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Advancements of Microbiology
Volume 64 (2025): Issue 2

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PTM

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